Improvement in machines for turning rim-bases of cannon



PATENTED OCT. 24, 1865.

E. KAYLOR.

MACHINE FOR TURNING RIM BASES OF CANNON.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD KAYLOR, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT lN MACHINES FOR TURNING RIM-BASES OF CANNON.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 50,598, dated October 2-1, 1865.

, To all whom it may concern chine, showing the cutter or planing-tool at work planing the rim-base of a gun. Fig. 2is an end elevation of that portion of my machine 'which is in the rear of the red line as m, Fig. 1.

The sameletters of referenceare used in both' figures to denote like parts of the machine.

My invention is an improvement on thema chine for planingthe rim-bases of guns and other irregular curved shapes, for which Letters Patent of the United States were granted to me on the 12th of July, 1864. That machine consists of a horizontal shaft placed, when at work, in the line of the axis of the trunnions of-the gun and terminating in a. chuck, which" revolves with the shaft. The chuck carries cutter or planing-tool, which is susceptible of motion to or from the axis of the shaft by ineans l of a slide in the chuck. The motion of "the shaft and chuck just described would plane or dress a plane surface parallel to the face of the chuck; but in order to cause the cutter to plane a curved surface as it revolves around its shaft and either approaches or recedes from its axis,it is necessary to give the chuck a motion to or from the body which is beingplan'ed, the combined motion thus efi'ected producing a curved surface, the character of which is de termined by means of agrooved barrel on the shaft with a stationary pin entering the groove, so that as the shaft and grooved barrel revolve they receive a horizontal motion to or from the gun or other body being planed, corresponding exactly to the curvature in the groove. This machine operates admirably where the rim-base is cylindrical, and the curve to "be planed is that created by the intersection of the cylindrical rim-base with the body of the gun; but in. large guns where the rim -base is not cylindrical, but has an irregular-curved surface and increases in diameter as it ap proaches the body of the gun until the curved surface of the rim-base gradually merges into the curved surface of the body of the gun, there are two practical dilficulties in the'operation of the machine described in my former patent, the first being that so long as any one groove in the barrel is usedthe curve planed is the same, and when it becomes necessary to alter the curve another groove has to be used of different:curvature,so that the transition is sudden instead of being gradual; and the other difficulty is that as the cutter is working on a curved surface descending toward the-body of the gun, the tendency of the cutter is to slip down, and the strain thus created has tobe borne entirely by the pin" which enters the groove in the barrel andregulates the curvedmotionof the cutter; This strain often bends .6. guide/12in, which spoils the'operation of the machine. l I

Both of these difficulties are entirely obviated b'y the improvement which I have made in my machine, which I am about to describe and which consists in dispensing entirely with the use of the grooved barrel and guide-pin and giving the required movement to the ob uckshaft, by direct pressure at the end of the shaft and in the direction of its axis, the end of the shaft, L0 which a guide-rolleris attached, be-.

in g made to press against the face of arevolving-guide pulley, which is of such shape that during each rei olution of the ch lick-shaft (corresponding with one complete revolution of the guide-pulley) the shaft is moved in and out toward or from the gun, according to the irregu lar shape of theguide-pulley, and as the guidepulley is slowly fed along with the edge of the friction -rcller resting on it, the shape of the guide-pulley changes gradually, so as to ch an ge the shape of the curve described by the revolvin g cutter.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvedmachine, I will proceed to describe more minutely its construction and operation.

The machine in front of the line to so, Fig.1, may be precisely like that described in the specification accompanying my former patent of July 12, 1864, the grooved barrel a, guide pin '1, by which the motion of the cutter-shaft a is efi'ected may be retained, so that the machine may be used as described in mypatent of July 12, 1864, which answers very well for some descriptions of guns; but when the improvement which I am about to describe is used the guide-pin y must be withdra wn from the groove in the barrel My improvement consists in adding to the machine described in my patent of July 12th, 1864, the machinery shown in Fig. 1 in the rear of the line a: a2, and in Fig. 2.

A strong screw, 0, is inserted into a female screw in the axis of the shaft a (which carries the chuck b and planing-tool) at the rear end.

The rear end of the screw 0 is attached to a sliding block, 1, which slides on ways on top of the standard 0, and by turning the handles 0 attached to the screw 0 the distance from the sliding block (I and the end of the'main shaft to is adjusted at pleasure.

At the rear end of the sliding block dis a re volving frict-ion-roller,f,whicl1 is rounded at its periphery so as to present a smooth but not broad edge to the surface of the guide-pulley g. The guide-pulley g is a rounded block of iron of peculiar shape which is keyed to the horizontal transverse shaft h, which is set at right angles to the main or chuck shaft a. The shape of the guide-pulley g is that of an irregular cylinder, the distance from its'axis to the circumference continually varying at different points in any plane at right angles to the axis of the shaft, and the shape of a cross-section at any such plane difi'erin g from the cross-section at other planes parallel thereto. The shape of this guide-pulley is determined by the shape of the rim-base or other curved surface to be planed, as hereinafter explained. The transverse or pulley shaft h is made to revolve at the same speed (or number of revolutions per minute) as the main shaft by means of any suitable gearing. As the guide-pulley g revolves with the main shaft a it has also a slow movement in one direction, either from right to left or.

from left to right in the line of axis of its shaft h, so that the track of the friction-roller f over the surface of the guide-pulley g is that of a spiral, the rollerat each revolution ofthe guidepulley touching a different portion of its sur-' face. This slow side movement of the transverse shaft h, which carries the guide-pulley g, is efiected by means of a screw-shaft, s, a head on which turns a socket, t, which is rigidly fixed to the end of the transverse shaft h, and revolves therewith without causing the screw 8 to turn with it. The other end of the screw 8 has its bearing in the center of the wheel 1*, which is tapped to form a nut on the screw s, and a slow rotation on its axis is given to the wheel 0* by suitable gearing from the transverse shaft h. The slow revolution of the nutpinion r on the screw 8 causes the screw to be drawn out through the nut in the pinion r, and thus to draw with it the transverse shaft h, which slides through its hearings to w and through the eye of the pinion m. The length of the guide-pulley g is such that when the friction-roller f has traversed spirally around the length of the pulley, the work of planing will be completed.

It is important that each revolution of the chuck carrying the planing-tool should exactly correspond with one revolution of the guidepulley g, as otherwise the surface planed by the use of a guide-pulley would not always be the same.

,VVhen the surface to be planed by the chuck is not (like the trunnion of a gun) parallel to the axis of the main shaft, but is either at right angles to that axis, or is a curved or plane surface passing from a line parallel to the axis of the shaft to a plane at right angles thereto, it is necessary that the planing tool 2, which slides in the chuck'b, shouldbe graduallymoved outward from the center toward the circumference of the chuck, or that it should be moved outward a distance nearly equal to the width of its cutting-edge after each complete revolution of the chuck. This is effected by means of a screw, 0, in the chuck, one arm of which is turned at each revolution by coming in contactwith a knocher or pin projecting from some part of the frame of the machine and crossing the path of the arms of the screw 0 at one point in its revolution, and which is a common device to effect a repeated feed motion.

The shaft ais moved forward toward the gun or body to be planed by the pressure of the guide-pulley g acting as a cam on the frictionrollerf in the sliding block 01, and in orderto draw the shaft back, so as to keep the frictionroller fpressin g against the face of the guidepulley g, a rope or chain, a, is attached tothe end of the sliding block (I with a weight, w,

sufficient to draw the shaft backward when it' is allowed by the pulley g to recede.

The peculiarity of my improvement is that by means of the guide-pulley g, having a double motion-that is, revolving on its axis and moving sidewise at right angles to the shaft a, and thus acting as a spiral cam--the curved motion of the point of the planing-tool z on the surface to he planed may be different on each revolution of the chuck from what it was on the preceding revolutions, and thereby any curved or waving surface, how irregularsoever, may be planed or graven in the body to be acted upon. As the guide-pulley g, serving as a former to regulate the shape of curved or waving surface to be planed, revolves spirally against the edge of the friction-roller, the shape of the guide-pulley will present to the eye no similarity of appearance to the surface pro duced by its use, and the calculation of the shape of the guide-roller required to produce any given shape would be an extremely intricate one. In practice, however, there is no difficulty in making a forming-block or guidepulley to produce the required shape with the planer. jlt is done by placing in front of the chuck a type or model of the form or surface required to be reproduced by the planer.

In lieu of'the planerz or cuttin g-tool a smooth blunt point is substituted, and instead of the is set a rigidly-fixed cutting-tool.

friction-roller], at the other end of the shaft a,

A cylindrical block of soft iron of suitable size is placed on the transverse sh aft h, and. the machine being set in motion, the cutter which occupies the place of the friction-roller f, being accurately guided to its work by the motion of the shaft a, produced loy the blunt point passing round thetype or model, will turn the block down to the required shape of the formingblock or guide pulley, which will in its turn reproduce. the shape of the original model.

Having thus described my improvement, what I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- EDWARD 'KAYLOR.

Witnesses WILLIAM RAMAGE, D. H. GooDY. 

